Charles I dismisses Prince Rupert following loss of Bristol to Fairfax.Â
Last battle of English Civil War at Stow on the Wold.Â
Charles escaped from Oxford and fled into Wales before surrendering to the Scottish army at Newark.
The Scots sold the King to the English Parliament for £100,000
A secret treaty between Charles I and the Scots leads to Scottish invasion of England
Charles I & Royalist army march towards Market Harborough. Fairfax raises siege of Oxford & marches north to join Cromwell, now appointed Lieutenant-General of Horse.
Following Pride’s Purge of moderates in Parliament Charles I is put on trial for his misdeeds. The trial is orchestrated by Cromwell, and and 59 commissioners sign the king’s death warrant.
Execution of Charles I outside Whitehall Palace.
He convinced King Charles that Rupert had become untrustworthy and succeeded in having the Prince and his supporters removed from their commands in September 1645.
After Naseby, Langdale joined King Charles on his march towards Scotland to join forces with the Marquis of Montrose. Attempting to lift the siege of Chester the Royalists were defeated by a pursuing force of Parliamentarian cavalry under Colonel-General Poyntz.
Langdale and the remnants of the Northern Horse attempted to continue the gallant ride to Scotland under the command of Lord Digby in October 1645.
Digby’s advance guard surprised and captured a Parliamentarian garrison at Sherburn-in-Elmet, Yorkshire, but was itself driven out in the confusion of an attack by Colonel Copley.
Chased to Skipton and then across the Pennines into Cumberland, the Northern Horse were finally defeated on Carlisle Sands by Sir John Browne on 24 October 1645.
Digby and Langdale escaped to the Isle of Man.
Astley – after the defeat of Naseby, the King removed the unpopular Charles Gerard from command of Royalist forces in Wales and appointed Astley in his place.
Astley organised the chaotic administration of Royalist garrisons in the region and raised a force of 3,000 horse and foot in Worcestershire.
This represented the last Royalist field army of the First Civil War.
Charles I was tried and executed in 1649, leading to the establishment of the Commonwealth by Parliament.
The period saw Cromwell’s military rule, the Anglo-Dutch Wars, and the eventual restoration of the monarchy in 1660 under Charles II.
This marked the end of the turbulent era and the return of the Stuart monarchy.
Whilst we know the Royalist Army comprised some 10,600 men and the New Model Army (Parliament) some 14,600 men, we also know there were hundreds of camp followers on both sides.
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